In the architecture of optical fiber communication systems, the fiber optic adapter (also known as a fiber optic connector adapter or coupler) serves as a critical passive component that enables the precise alignment and connection of optical fibers. Despite its compact size, its parameter characteristics directly affect signal transmission efficiency, stability, and system reliability. From data centers to telecommunications networks, from industrial control to aerospace applications, the performance of fiber optic adapters determines the quality of the entire optical link. This article will comprehensively analyze the parameter characteristics of fiber optic adapters from multiple dimensions, including optical performance, mechanical properties, environmental adaptability, and interface standards, to reveal their technical essence and application value.